The article considers the place of education in society and examines the reasons of possible conflicts between the educational goals and social needs. The author also tries to answer how adults view childhood, and how, proceeding from it, educational programs are built.

The article defines the concept of psychological culture, analyzes the role of psychology in modern society and its interconnection with socio-political processes. The importance of properly organized educational system for sound development of personality in general, and the formation of psychological culture in particular, is demonstrated.