The role of moral atmosphere(MA) (L.Kolberg) at school in the process of shaping the image of the reference peer in adolescents from the standpoint of the orienting activity theory ofP.Ya.Galperin is discussed. In the context of the developmental psychology approach (L.S. Vygotsky, D.B.El’konin) the moral atmosphere of the school is viewed as a component of the social situation of development (SSR) in adolescence. The construct «the image of the reference peer» (ORF) is considered. The significant personality traits of the ORF as the I-ideal for modern adolescents are revealed on the basis of the typology of personality traits proposed by the authors (skills, communicative, activity, moral, external characteristics), which reflect the importance of self-presentation of adolescents and their focusing on the interpersonal relationships to achieve high intra-group status. The similarities and differences in the ORS of adolescents and their perceptions of the ORS pattern in peers are revealed. The age and gender characteristics of the ORS and ORS image «in peer-eyed» are revealed. The results of empirical study of the perception patterns of school MA by contemporary Russian adolescents are discussed. Differences in the structure of the ORS of adolescents with different perceptions of the school MA were revealed. It is shown that for teenagers with the perception of the MA of the school as democratic, the most important are the communicative and activity personality traits with the significance of moral traits. Adolescents with the perception of the MA school as authoritarian or ambivalent above all appreciate the value of external characteristics and skills and least of all moral traits. The orienting role of the school MA as a system of rules, norms and values of the school community for the formation of the ORS image of a modern teenager in the context of the level model of the orienting activity (A.I. Podolsky) is proved. Keywords: adolescence, image of the reference peer, social situation of development, moral atmosphere
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Keywords: adolescence; image of the reference peer; ">; moral atmosphere in the school; adolescent’s moral-value orientations;
Available Online 10.10.2017
Fig. 1. Gender of adolescents with different perceptions of Gender of adolescents with different perceptions of school moral atmosphere (MA).
Table 1. The most important ORF
Rank |
Property |
Scale |
Mean Value |
STD |
1 |
Confidence |
Outer |
4.42 |
0.85 |
2 |
Sense of Humour |
Outer |
4.39 |
0.86 |
3 |
Cheerfulness / optimism |
Activity |
4.36 |
0.83 |
4 |
Reliability |
Communication |
4.35 |
0.83 |
5 |
Ability to Talk |
Skills |
4.28 |
0.88 |
From 5 points – "the most important property"; to 1 point – "the least important property"
Table 2. Theleast important ORF
Rank |
Property |
Scale |
Mean Value |
STD |
30 |
Law Obedience |
Moral |
3.67 |
1.17 |
31 |
Ability to Adapt |
Skills |
3.60 |
1.20 |
32 |
Strict Beliefs |
Moral |
3.54 |
1.02 |
33 |
Strong Principles |
Moral |
3.47 |
1.03 |
34 |
Consistency |
Activity |
3.43 |
1.00 |
From 5 points – "the most important property"; to 1 point – "the least important property".
Table 3. The most important ORF viewed by peers
Rank |
Property |
Scale |
Mean Value |
STD |
1 |
Sense of Humour |
Outer |
4.33 |
0.88 |
1 |
Ability to Entertain |
Skills |
4.31 |
0.92 |
2 |
Cheerfulness / Optimism |
Activity |
4.24 |
0.87 |
3 |
Ability to Talk |
Skills |
4.15 |
0.94 |
4 |
Confidence |
Outer |
4.10 |
0.95 |
From 5 points – "the most important property"; to 1 point – "the least important property". The ranks correspond to Wilcoxon Test. p <0.05
Table 4. TheleastimportantORF viewed by peers
Rank |
Property |
Scale |
Mean Value |
STD |
30 |
Strong Principles |
Moral |
3.49 |
1.74 |
30 |
Strict Beliefs |
Moral |
3.44 |
1.01 |
30 |
Law Obedience |
Moral |
3.41 |
1.15 |
30 |
Self-Discipline |
Activity |
3.34 |
1.09 |
31 |
Consistency |
Activity |
3.27 |
1.05 |
From 5 points – "the most important property"; to 1 point – "the least important property". The ranks correspond to Wilcoxon Test. p <0.02
Table 5. ORFand ORF viewed by peers
Image of the Reference Peer (ORF) |
Image of the Reference Peer (ORF) viewed by peers |
||||||
Mean Value |
STD |
Property Rank |
Property |
Mean Value |
STD |
Property Rank |
Property |
4.42 |
0.85 |
1 |
Confidence** |
4.33 |
0.88 |
1 |
Sense of Humour |
4.39 |
0.86 |
4 |
Sense of Humour |
4.31 |
0.92 |
2 |
Ability to Entertain |
4.36 |
0.83 |
3 |
Cheerfulness / optimism* |
4.24 |
0.87 |
4 |
Cheerfulness / optimism* |
4.35 |
0.83 |
2 |
Reliability** |
4.15 |
0.94 |
3 |
Ability to Hold a Conversation* |
4.28 |
0.88 |
5 |
Ability to Hold a Conversation* |
4.10 |
0.95 |
5 |
Confidence** |
3.67 |
1.17 |
30 |
Law Obedience** |
3.49 |
1.74 |
30 |
Strong Principles |
3.60 |
1.20 |
31 |
Ability to Adapt |
3.44 |
1.01 |
31 |
Strict Beliefs |
3.54 |
1.02 |
32 |
Strict Beliefs |
3.41 |
1.15 |
32 |
Law Obedience** |
3.47 |
1.03 |
33 |
Strong Principles |
3.34 |
1.09 |
33 |
Self-Discipline** |
3.43 |
1.00 |
34 |
Consistency* |
3.27 |
1.05 |
34 |
Consistency* |
* Statisticallysignificantdifferences in ORF distinction viewed by peers The ranks correspond to Wilcoxon Test. p <0.05
** Statisticallysignificantdifferences in ORF distinction viewed by peers Therankscorrespondto WilcoxonTest.p < 0.001
Table 6. The significance of property groups in the structure ofORFand ORF viewed by peers
Property |
Image of the Reference Peer (ORF) |
Image of the Reference Peer (ORF) viewed by peers |
||||
Property Rank |
Mean Value |
STD |
Property Rank |
Mean Value |
STD |
|
Outer |
1 |
4.12 |
0.64 |
1 |
4.09 |
0.66 |
Skills |
3 |
4.00* |
0.58 |
2 |
3.92* |
0.65 |
Activity |
4 |
3.98** |
0.56 |
4 |
3.72** |
0.65 |
Communication |
2 |
4.09** |
0.59 |
3 |
3.83** |
0.66 |
Moral |
5 |
3.90** |
0.63 |
5 |
3.67** |
0.67 |
* Statistically significant differences in evaluating the importance of properties in the structure of the self-concept (Wilcoxon's Test. p <0.05)
** Statistically significant differences in evaluating the importance of properties in the structure of the self-concept (Wilcoxon's Test. p < 0.001)
Table 7. ORFfeaturesinadolescentswith different perception patterns of school MA
Property |
Perception Pattern of School MA |
The image of the reference peer "peer-eyed" |
|||||
Democratic |
Authoritarian |
Ambivalent |
|||||
Mean |
Rank |
Mean |
Rank |
Mean |
Rank |
||
Outer |
4.07amb* |
4 |
4.13 |
1 |
4.24 d* |
1 |
|
Skills |
4.02 |
5 |
3.90 |
2 |
4.03 |
2 |
|
Activity |
4.21auth. amb** |
2 |
3.87 d** |
4 |
3.90 d** |
4 |
|
Communicstion |
4.32auth**amb* |
1 |
3.88 d** |
3 |
3.97 d* |
3 |
|
Moral |
4.14auth. amb** |
3 |
3.61 d** |
5 |
3.75 d** |
5 |
|
*Distinction significance p≤00.05;
**Distinction significance p≤0.001.
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