Background. In modern psychology the study of mechanisms of creative thinking is of great interest. Attention is one of the important factors affecting the operation of intuitive thinking component.
The Objective of the paper is to study the effect of anticipatory attention on the insight and analytical frequency in solving anagrams.
Design. During the experiment, the participants performed two successive tasks. The first task included stimuli identification when the subjects were presented with stimuli — anagrams and pseudowords. The task was to identify the anagram correctly. In the second task (if the stimulus had been the anagram), the participants had to solve the anagram, noting whether the solution was analytical or an insight. The anagram and pseudoword had different letter order. The participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group whose subjects were informed about the difference and were asked to use it for a lexical solution and the control group whose subjects were not informed about the difference.
It was expected that the identification of the anagram in the first task will shape anticipatory attention patterns for the experimental group, which will affect the frequency of insight solutions in the second task. Results. The subjects of the experimental group were found to have a correlation relationship between the speed characteristics of the first and second tasks for analytical solutions. For insight solutions, no such connection was found.
Conclusion. The results demonstrate that insights and analytical solutions are the result of two separate processes of finding solutions that proceed in parallel.
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Keywords: insight; anagram; attention; anticipatory attention; creativity; creation;
Available Online 31.03.2020
Fig. 1. Experiment.
Fig 2. Time span of anagram recognition in 2-6 series.
Table 1. Experiment
Experimental series |
Incentives |
Differences between incentives |
|
Control group (not aware of differences) |
Experimental group (aware of differences) |
||
Series 1 Educating |
14 anagrams |
No differences (no pseudo words) |
No differences (no pseudo words) |
Series 2–5 Major |
160 anagrams 80 pseudo words |
Differences |
Differences |
Series 6 Deviant |
40 anagrams 20 pseudo words |
No differences |
No differences |
Table 2. Time of insight and analytical decisions in two groups, ms
|
N |
M |
SD |
MIN |
MAX |
|
Experimental group |
Analytical |
35 |
18615 |
9627 |
4105.5 |
49930.5 |
Insight |
35 |
10230 |
5988 |
1898 |
29468 |
|
Control group |
Analytical |
39 |
16250 |
9574 |
4631.5 |
56631 |
Insight |
39 |
7533 |
3925 |
1489 |
15846 |
This work was supported by the RFBR grant No. 18-013-00765
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