ISSN 2079-6617 (Print)
ISSN 2309-9828 (Online)
Articles

Article

MainArticlesVolumes

Tatyana A. Serebryakova, Irina A. Koneva,Lydia E. Semenova, Vera E. Semenova. (2019). An empirical approach to studying gender attitude to parenting. National Psychological Journal. 2, 99-109

Abstract

Background. The paper provides the results of studying gender views on parenthood. For efficient performance of the parent role the system of the subject’s ideas about the phenomenon of “parenthood” and its specific features, as well as personal features aimed at the effective performance of parental functions by both women (mothers) and men (fathers) are laid emphasis on.

The Objective is to describe the pilot experimental research focused on males and females’ attitude to parenthood. The hypothesis of the study is an assumption about gender-specific attitude to parenthood in males and females in relation to the parental roles and functions that are eventually actualized in children.  Females are focused on personal relationships with a child and emotionally coloured attitudes towards them, while for males mostly active forms of parenting are typical.

Design. The first stage of theoretical understanding of the issue included the literature review of the foreign and Russian national psychologists focused on the psychology of parenthood (A. Adler, E. Badinter, D. Winnicott, M. Marcons, M. Mead, D. Peynes, S. Fanti, E. Erickson; T.V. Andreeva, K.N. Belogay, N.N. Vasyagina, A.I. Zakharova, O.A. Karabanova, S.Yu. Meshcheryakova, R.V. Ovcharova, V.A. Ramikh, Yu.A. Tokareva, G.G. Filippova, L.B. Schneider, etc.). The second stage of the research was focused on the study of gender-specific ideas about parenthood.

Results. Based on the analysis of the existing approaches to understanding the phenomenon of “parenthood”, we defined it as a complex personal education including positive affective manifestations of the subject in relation to children shaped in the process of his interaction with the child and having a positive impact on the entire harmonious development and education of children. The survey data showed that the respondents expressed gender-specific attitudes to parenthood. In particular, the discrepancy lies in the perceptions of males and females of the “ideal parent” and their parental roles.

Conclusion.The study proved the presence of gender features in the ideas of parenthood. To optimize the level and content of ideas about parenting will contribute to further rendering psychological support for the family.

Received: 12/18/2018
Accepted: 04/06/2019
Pages: 99-109
DOI: 10.11621/npj.2019.0213

Sections: Psychology of family upbringing;

PDF: Download

Keywords: personality; value culture of the individual; parenthood; gender differences; family education;

Available Online 30.01.2019

References

  1. Andersen R.A. (2009). Intention, action planning, and decision making in parietal-frontal circuits. In R.A. Andersen, & H.Cui, Neuron, 63(5), 568–583.doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.028
  2. Arakelov G.G. (1998). Galvanic skin reaction as a manifestation of emotional, orienting and motor components of stress. In G.G. Arakelov, & E.K. Schott [Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal], 19(4),70–79.

  3. Beatty J. (2000). The pupillary system. In J. Beatty, B. Lucero-Wagoner.  Handbook of psychophysiology.New York, 142–162.

  4. Belov D. R. (2016). Saccades and Predict Potentials when Playing Tetris. In D.R. Belov, E.A. Milyutina, & S.F. Kolodyazhny[Rossiyskiy fiziologicheskiy zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova],102(10)1233–1245.

  5. Borisyuk G.N. et al. (2002). Models of the dynamics of neural activity in brain processing of information - the results of the “decade”. [Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk],  172(10), 1189–1214. doi:10.3367/UFNr.0172.200210d.1189

  6. Boronenko M., Boronenko Y., Zelenskiy V., & Kiseleva E. (2020). Use of Active Test Objects in Security Systems. In: Ayaz H. (eds.) Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering. AHFE 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 953. Springer, Cham.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20473-0_43

  7. Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). Feelings and emotions: role for electrophysioogical markers. In J. T. Cacioppo. Biological Psychology67, 235–243. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.009

  8. Costela F.M. [et al.] (2017). Changes in visibility as a function of spatial frequency and microsaccade occurrence. European Journal of Neuroscience,45(3), 433–439.doi:10.1111/ejn.13487

  9. Ershova R.V. (2018). High sensitivity and its connection with the parameters of pupillary reaction and personal characteristics. In R.V. Ershova, E.V. Yarmots [Vestnik VyatGU],4, 130–138.

  10. Ershova R.V. (2014). On psychophysiological predictors of personal properties. In R.V. Ershova, N.N. Varchenko, K.A. Gankin  [Chelovecheskiy Kapital],7,52–55.

  11. Ganin I.P., Kosichenko E.A., & Kaplan A.Ya. (2018). Recognition of the subjective focus of interest in emotionally significant visual stimuli in the brain-computer interface on the P300 wave. [Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta]. Series 14. Psychology, 1, 3–20. doi:10.11621/vsp.2018.01.03

  12. Kiran [et al.] R. (2018). Real-Time Eye-Tracking System to Evaluate and Enhance Situation Awareness and Process Safety in Drilling Operations. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition, 6–8 March, Fort Worth, Texas.[USA].doi:10.2118/189678-MS.

  13. Kolesnikov V.V. et al. (2004). Features of the pupillary reflex in drug addicts during the period of acute withdrawal. [Voprosy narkologii], 4, 39–46.

  14. Kruchinina A.P. (2018). Mathematical model of optimal saccadic eye movement realized by a pair of muscles. In А.P. Kruchinina, A.G. Yakushev [Biofizika], 63(2),334–341. doi:10.1134/S0006350918020161

  15. Kutsalo A.L. et al.(2018). Dynamic pupillometry as a screening method for diagnosing poisoning with industrial toxicants. In [Meditsina ekstremalnykh situatsiy]20(3),487–493.

  16. Kutsalo Anatoly Leonidovich (2004). Pupillometriya as a method of express diagnostics of drug intoxication: Ph.D. in Medicine, thesis. St. Petersburg, 118.

  17. Lowet E. (2018). Microsaccade-rhythmic modulation of neural synchronization and coding within and across cortical areas V1 and V2. In E. Lowet [et al.] PLoS biology,  16(5).Art. e2004132. doi:  10.1371/journal.pbio.2004132

  18. Maddess T. [et al.] (2009). Multifocal pupillographic visual field testing in glaucoma. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology,37(7), 678–686.doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02107.x

  19. Menshikov G.Ya., & Kovalev A.I. (2018). The role of nystagmus eye movements in developing the illusion of body movement. [Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta]. Series 14. Psychology, 4, 135–148. doi:10.11621/vsp.2018.04.135

  20. Mesin, L. (2018). Estimation of complexity of sampled biomedical continuous time signals using approximate entropy In L. Mesin, Frontiers in Physiology, 9(710). doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00710

  21. Meyberg S. [et al.] (2015). Microsaccade-related brain potentials signal the focus of visuospatial attention. NeuroImage104, 79–88.doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.065

  22. Novikov N. A. (2018). The role of beta and gamma rhythms in the implementation of working memory functions. In N.A. Novikov, & B.S. Gutkin [Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki],15(1), 174–182.

  23. Ohayon, Jacques. "Pupil Distortion Measurement and Psychiatric Diagnosis Method." U.S. Patent Application No. 15/853, 899.

  24. Ohayon J. Pupil distortion measurement and psychiatric diagnosis method: Patent US 10,182,755; applicant J. Ohayon. 15/853,899; filed 25.12.17. 10.

  25. Otero-Millan J., Macknik S. L., & Martinez-Conde S. System and method for using microsaccade dynamics to measure attentional response to a stimulus: Patent US  9,854,966; assignee D. Health. 14/359,235; filed 23.11.12; pub. date 30.05.13, pub. WO2013/078462. 10.

  26. Otero-Millan J. System and method for using microsaccade dynamics to measure attentional response to a stimulus : Patent US 9,854,966. In J. Otero-Millan, S. L. Macknik, S. Martinez-Conde; assignee: Dignity Health.14/359,235; filed 23.11.12; pub. date 30.05.13, pub. WO2013/078462. – 10.

  27. Pashkov A.A. (2017). Electroencephalographic biomarkers of experimentally induced stress. In A.A. Pashkov, I.S. Dakhtin, N.S. Kharisova [Vestnik YUzhno-Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta], Series Psychology10(4).  doi:10.14529/psy170407

  28. Perotti L. [et al.] (2019). Discrete structure of the brain rhythms. Scientific reports,  9(1),1105.doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37196-0

  29. Potter M.C. [et al.] (2014). Detecting meaning in RSVP at 13 ms per picture. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics,76(2),270–279. doi:10.3758/s13414-013-0605-z

  30. Pritchard W. S. (1981). Psychophysiology of P300. Psychological Bulletin89,506–540.doi:10.1037/0033-2909.89.3.506

  31. Pronina A.S., Grigoryan R.K., & Kaplan A.Ya. (2018). Human eye movements when typing in the brain-computer interface based on the P300 potential: the effect of stimulus size and distance between stimuli. [Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta]. Series 14. Psychology, 4, 120–134. doi:10.11621/vsp.2018.04.120

  32. Sapountzis, P. (2018). Neural signatures of attention: insights from decoding population activity patterns. In P. Sapountzis, & G. G. Gregoriou, Frontiers in Bioscience,23, 221–246. doi: 10.2741/4588

  33. Scherberger, H. (2005). Cortical local field potential encodes movement intentions in the posterior parietal cortex. In H. Scherberger, M.R. Jarvis, & R.A. Andersen, Neuron, 46, 347–354. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.03.004

  34. Stern R. M. [et al.] (2001). Psychophysiological recording. Oxford [England]; New York: Oxford University Press, 282.

  35. Stern, R.M., W.J. Ray, & K.S. Quigley (2001). "Eyes: Pupillography and electrooculography." Psychophysiological recording.Oxford University Press, New York, 125–141. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113594.003.0009

  36. Stern R.M. et al. (2001). Psychophysiological recording. Oxford University Press, USA. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195113594.003.0003

  37. Strauch, C. (2018.) Pupil dilation but not microsaccade rate robustly reveals decision formation. In C. Strauch, L. Greiter, A. Huckauf, Scientific reports.8. Art. 13165. 10.1038/s41598-018-31551-x

  38. Tseng V.W.S. [et al.] (2018). AlertnessScanner: what do your pupils tell about your alertness. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services.  New York, 41.doi:10.1145/3229434.3229456

  39. Watanabe M. [et al.] (2019). Ocular drift reflects volitional action preparation– Electronic text data. European Journal of Neuroscience.Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejn.14365 (accessed 18.06.2019). doi: 10.1111/ejn.14365

For citing this article:

Tatyana A. Serebryakova, Irina A. Koneva,Lydia E. Semenova, Vera E. Semenova. (2019). An empirical approach to studying gender attitude to parenting. National Psychological Journal. 2, 99-109