ISSN 2079-6617
eISSN 2309-9828
Articles

Article

MainArticlesVolumes

Pervichko, Elena I. (2016) Cultural active approach to the issue of emotion regulation: theoretical explanation and empirical verification of a conceptual model. National Psychological Journal. 2, 03-17.

Abstract

The paper gives a theoretical explanation and empirical verification of a conceptual emotion-regulating model, developed in the theoretical methodological context of cultural-active paradigm. A universal hypothesis concerning emotion regulation as a system including psychological and physiological levels has been verified empirically. The psychological level may be subdivided on motivational thinking level and operational-technical ones, ruled by such psychological mechanisms as reflection and symbolical mediation. It has been figured out that motivational peculiarities determine the manifestation of other analyzed components of the system of emotion regulation. This is true not only for healthy patients, but also for patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). The significance of reflection and symbolical mediation in the system of cultural-active paradigm and emotion regulation has been determined. It has been proved that emotion regulation among patients with MVP differs from that of healthy people, highlighted by a very strong conflict of goal-achieving and fail-avoiding motives, lack of personal reflection and distortion of symbolical mediation, and very limited emotion-regulative resources. It has been shown that patients with MVP differ from the control group, suffering from far more strong emotional stress. It distributes an overall negative impact, reducing the ability to use emotion-regulating resource in emotionally meaningful situations effectively.


Received: 06/14/2016
Accepted: 06/27/2016
Pages: 03-17
DOI: 10.11621/npj.2016.0201

Sections: Methodology;

PDF: Download

Keywords: higher mental functions (APF); emotion regulation; emotion regulation strategies; mitral valve prolapse; emotional stress; cultural active paradigm; emotion expression suppression;

Available Online 30.08.2016

Table 1. Medium group indexes of the number of chosen situations (Me±SD)

Number of chosen situations

MVP, n=134

Healthy people, n=73

Accuracy

All chosen situations

7.90±0.67

5.94±1.01

p<0.05

With obstacles

4.60±1.56

2.41±0.97

p<0.001

With blaming

3.30±0.81

3.53±1.11

-

Table 2. Medium group amount of emotional descriptors (Me±SD)

Number of descriptors in one situation

MVP, n=134

Healthy people, n=73

Accuracy

Situation in general

8.54±1.49

7.08±1.35

p<0.05

Single obstacle situation

6.83±1.66

6.81±2.20

-

Single blaming situation

10.04±2.42*

6.97±1.97

p<0.05

Note. * - the differences are true for the number of descriptors in single blaming situation compared to the number of emotions in single obstacle situation (p<0.05).

Table 3. Emotion regulation strategies in the situation of a spontaneous reaction. Frequency analysis (%)

Emotion regulation (ER) strategy

MVP, n=134

Healthy people, n=73

Accuracy

I. Internal ER strategies

1

Non-differentiable cognitive changes

25.2±1.13

10.7±1.16

p<0.001

2

Ruminations and catastrophization

16.1±2.17

10.4±1.77

p<0.05

3

Comparison and depreciation

26.6±2.23

24.2±2.65

-

4

Positive review

4.7±0.43

12.1±1.46

p<0.001

5

New senses actualization

23.8±3.67

34.3±3.39

p<0.05

6

Worries transformation via humor and metaphor

3.6±0.03

8.3±1.6

p<0.001

Total

100

100

-

II. External ER strategies

1

Direct expression

27.3±2.68

25.6±2.04

-

2

Emotion expression suppression

29.2±1.75

20.5±1.9

p<0.05

3

Conflict-communicative reaction

31.2±2.66

28.9±2.33

-

4

Subject-subject interactive transformations

12.3±1.96

25.0±1.58

p<0.001

Total

100

100

-

Table 4.

Emotion regulation (ER) strategy

MVP, n=134

Healthy people, n=73

Accuracy

I. Internal ER strategies

1

Non-differentiable cognitive changes

7.3±1.85

6.1±1.45

-

2

Ruminations and catastrophization

18.0±3.65

7.3±0.85

p<0.001

3

Comparison and depreciation

28.7±2.78

14.6±1.94

p<0.05

4

Positive review

5.1±1.78

19.3±3.37

p<0.001

5

New senses actualization

32.3±4.98

36.4±3.99

-

6

Worries transformation via humor and metaphor

8.6±3.04

16.3±2.25

p<0.05

Total

100

100

100

II. External ER strategies

1

Direct expression

18.5±1.75

12.6±2.42

p<0.05

2

Emotion expression suppression

23.2±2.59

18.4±1.9

p<0.05

3

Conflict-communicative reaction

26.3±1.23

27.0±1.79

p<0.05

4

Subject-subject interactive transformations

32.0±3.61

42.0±3.44

p<0.05

Total

100

100

100

Table 5. Medium RA indexes among patients with MVP and healthy patients before and after the experiment (points, M±SD).

Reactive anxiety

MVP, n=134

Healthy people, n=73

Accuracy

RA before the experiment

43.69±4.73

37.70±1.72

p<0.001

RA after the experiment

45.03±1.06

37.81±3.27

p<0.001

Δ RA

1.34±0.52

0.11±0.09

-

Table 6. Medium non-verbal activity indexes among patients with MVP and healthy patients during the experiment (absolute values, M±SD)

Non-verbal activity indexes

MVP, n=134

Healthy people, n=73

Accuracy

Gestures

20.0±3.1*

14.1±2.6

p<0.05

Posture changes

7.9±2.3

5.8±0.9

-

Mimics

14.6±2.7

15.2±2.2

-

Voice tone changes

10.2±1.9 *

5.2±1.1

p<0.001

Total point

52.7±4.3 *

40.3±5.7

p<0.05

References:

Asmolov, A.G. (2015) Psychology of the present day: uncertainties, difficulties and diversity. Psychological Studies. [Psikhologicheskiye issledovaniya]. Electronic source: http://psystudy.ru

Bardishevskay,a M.K. (2014) Therapeutic role of watching the development of children with affective-active complexes. Psychological Issues [Voprosy psikhologii]. 3, 118–130.

Bar-On, R. (2006) The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence. Psicothema. 18, 13-25.

Blumenfield, M., Strain, J.J. (Eds.) (2006) Psychosomatic Medicine. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Borozdina, L.V. (2012) Success-gaining and fail-avoiding motivation diagnostics. Moscow.

Boulbi, Dzh. (2003) Affection. Moscow.

Bratus’, B.S. (1988) Individual anomalies. Moscow.

Petrovskiy, A.V., & Yaroshevskiy, M.G. (Eds.) Brief dictionary of psychology (1985). Moscow. 407.

Compas, B.E. et al. (2014) Coping and emotion regulation from childhood to early adulthood: Points of convergence and divergence. Australian J. of Psychology. 66, 71–81.

Coplan, J.D., Papp, L.A., King, D.L., & Gorman, J.M. (1992) Amelioration of mitral valve prolapse after treatment for panic disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 149, 1587—1588.

Cramer, P. (1991) The Development of Defense Mechanisms: Theory, Research, and Assessment. New York, Springer-Verlag.

Denollet, J, Schiffer, AA, & Spek ,V. (2010) A general propensity to psychological distress affects cardiovascular outcomes: evidence from research on the Type D (distressed) personality profile. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 3, 546–557.

Filho, A.S., Maciel, B.C., Romano, M.M.D., Lascala, T.F., Trzesniak, C., Freitas-Ferrari, M.C., Nardi, A.E., Martín-Santos, R., Zuardi, A.W., & Crippa, J.A.S. (2011) Mitral valve prolapse and anxiety disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 199, 247-248.

Freid, A. (1993) Psychology of self and security mechanisms. Moscow.

Freud, S. (1962) The neuro-psychoses of defence. The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud = Die Abwehr-Neuropsychosen (1894). London.

Garanyan, N.G. (2010) Perfectionism and hostility as personal factors of depressive and anxious disorders, PhD Thesis. Moscow.

Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006) Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: a comparative study of five specific samples Personality and Individ. Diff. 40, 1659–1669.

Gilmour, J., & Williams, L. (2012) Type D personality is associated with maladaptive health-related behaviours. J Health Psychol, 17, 471-478.

Gonzalez, E.A., Pimentel, C., Natale, R.A., Toll, B.A., Soffer, A., & Gralnik, L.M. (2002) Psychiatric and medical co-morbidity in mitral valve prolapse. Ir. J. Psych. Med. 19, 16—20.

Gray, P. (2005) The Ego and Analysis of Defense - 2nd ed. Jason Aronson, Incorporated.

Gross, J.J. (2015) Emotion Regulation: Current Status and Future Prospects. Psychological Inquiry. 26, 1–26.

Gross, J.J. (Ed.) (2014) The Handbook of Emotion Regulation (2nd ed.). New York, NY, Guilford Press.

Gross, J.J., & Jazaieri, H. (2014) Emotion, Emotion Regulation, and Psychopathology: An Affective Science Perspective. Clinical Psychological Science. 2, 387–401.

Hagekull, B., & Bohlin, G. (2004) Predictors of Middle Childhood Psychosomatic Problems: An Emotion Regulation Approach. Infant and Child Development. 13, 389–405.

Hayek, E., Gring, C.N., & Griffin, B.P. (2005) Mitral valve prolapse. Lancet. 365, 507–518.

Ivannikov, V.A. (2006) Psychological mechanisms of volitional regulation. Moscow, SPb.

Karpov, A.V. (2015) Psychology of activity, vol.1. Moscow.

Karsten, A. (1972) Aspiration level. Encyclopedia of Psychology. New York, Herder and Herder. 1, 84–86.

Khanin, Yu.L. (1976) Shor manual for Spielberg’s reactive and personal anxiety scale usage. L.

Khegenkhan, B., & Olson M. (2004) Theories of learning. SPb.

Kholmogorova, A.B. (2006) Theoretical and empirical basics of affective disorders integrative psychotherapy, PhD Thesis. Moscow.

Kholmogorova, A.B., & Zaretskiy, V.K. (2011) Can Vigotskiy’s cultural-historical conception help us analyze ourselves as psychotherapists? Cultural- Historical psychology [Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya]. 1, 108−116.

Konopkin, O.A. (1980) Psychological mechanisms of activity regulation. Moscow.

Koole, S. (2009) The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Cognition & Emotion. 23, 4–41.

Kornilova, T.V., & Smirnov, S.D. (2011) Methodological basics of psychology. Moscow.

Kyornberg, O.F. (2001) Severe personality disorders. Psychotherapy strategies. Moscow.

Leontyev, A.N. (1971) Needs, motivations, emotions: lectures. Moscow.

Leontyev, A.N. (1985) Activity. Consciousness. Personality. Moscow.

Madden, G.J. (Ed.) (2013) APA Handbook of Behavior Analysis. Washington, APA Books.

Makeeva, A.I. (1980) Studying the semantic fields of emotive categories. New Psychological Studies [Novye issledovaniya v psikhologii]. 1, 70−75.

Martynov, A.I., Polyakov, Yu.F., Nikolaeva, V.V., Stepura, O.B., Ostroumova, O.D., Pervichko, E.I., Pak, L.S., & Akatova, E.V. (1999) Simulation of emotional stress among patients with hypermobile heart joints. Cardiology [Kardiologiya], 11, 51−58.

Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D.R. (2004) Emotional Intelligent: Theory, Findings, and Implication. Psychological Inquiry. 15, 197-215.

McWilliams (1998) Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process. Moscow.

Naenko, N.I. (1976) Psychical stress. Moscow.

Nechaeva, G.I., Drokina, O.V., Martynov, A.I., Loginova, E.N., & Vershinina, M.V. (2015) Basics of curating the patients with hypermobile heart joints. Therapy [Terapiya]. 1, 29−36.

O’Rourke, RA, & Bailey, S.R. (2004) Mitral valve prolapse syndrome. In: Fuster V, Alexander R, O’Rourke RA, et al, eds. Hurst The Heart. 11th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill Professional. 1695–1706.

Padun, M.A. (2015) Emotional regulation and its disorders. Research Psychology [Psikhologiya issledovaniy]. Electronic resource: http://psystudy.ru

Pervichko, E., & Zinchenko, Yu. (2016) Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test Modification for a Study of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Patients with Stress-Induced Hypertension. European Psychiatry. 33, 709-710.

Pervichko, E.I. (1996) Psychical stress among patients with hypermobile heart joints, PhD Thesis. Moscow.

Pervichko, E.I. (2014) Emotion regulation strategies: processual Gross model and culture-active approach, part 1. Emotion regulation: research approaches. National Psychological Journal [Natsional’nyy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal]. 16, 13−22.

Pervichko, E.I. (2015) Emotion regulation strategies: processual Gross model and culture-active approach, part 2. Cultural-active approach to emotion regulation. National Psychological Journal [Natsional’nyy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal]. 17, 39−51.

Phuzhnikov, I.V. (2010) Emotional intelligence and affective disorders, PhD Thesis, Moscow.

Rosenzweig, S. (1945) The picture association method and its application in a study of reactions to frustration. J. of Personality. 14, 3-23.

Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2015) Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences. Clinical Psychiatry. Eleventh Edition. LWW. 161-162.

Schacter, D.L., Gilbert, D.T., & Wegner, D.M. (2011) Psychology: 2nd edition. New York, NY, Worth Publishers.

Scordo K. (2007) Medication use and symptoms in individuals with mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Clinical Nursing Research. 16, 58-71.

Sheppes, G., Suri, G., & Gross, J.J. (2015). Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 11, 379-405.

Sokolova, E.T. (2007) Psychological block phenomenon. Psychological Issues [Voprosi psikhologii]. 4, 66−79.

Sokolova E.T. (2015) Clinical psychology of depersonalization. Moscow.

Stavrakaki, С., Williams, E., Boisjoli, A., Vlad, P., Chassé, H. (1991) Mitral valve prolapse and psychiatric complications: A case report. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 16, 45–49.

Tarabrina, N.V. (1984) Experimental psychological methodic of studying frustration reactions. L.

Tkhostov, A.Sh. (1997) Depression and emotion psychology. Depression and comorbid disorders [Depressiya i komorbidnie rasstroystva]. Moscow. 180−198.

Tkhostov, A.Sh. (2002) Corporeality psychology. Moscow.

Tkhostov, A.Sh. (2012) Opportunities and perspectives of cultural-active approach development in clinical psychology. A.R. Luriya’s Heritage in the context of modern science, culture and history. To A.R. Luriya’s 110th anniversary. [Nasledie A.R. Lurii v sovremennom nauchnom i kul’turno-istoricheskom kontekste: k 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya A.R. Lurii]. Moscow, MSU. 10−36.

Tkhostov, A.Sh., & Kolymba, I.G. (1998) Emotions and affections: psychological and patopsychological aspects, part 2. Emotion pathology in the clinical processes of affective and anxious disorders. Psychological Journal [Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal]. 5, 81−87.

Tkhostov, A.Sh., & Kolymba, I.G. (1999) Phenomenology of emotional phenomena. Moscow University Bulletin. [Vestnik moskovskogo universiteta]. Psychology, 2, 3−14.

Vaillant, G.E. (1992) Ego Mechanisms of Defense: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers. American Psychiatric Publishing.

Velichkovskiy, B.M. (1976) Cognitive science: the basics of the cognition psychology. Moscow.

Vigotskiy, L.S. (1982) Thinking and speaking. 2, 5–361.

Vigotskiy, L.S. (1983) The history of the higher psychological functions development. 3, 5–328.

Vigotskiy, L.S. (1984) Seven years crisis. 4, 376–385.

Viliunas, V.K. (1976) Emotion phenomenon psychology. Moscow.

Weiner, H. (1982) Contributions of psychoanalysis to psychosomatic medicine. J of the Amer. Academy of Psychoanal. 10, 27-46.

Wise, T.N. (2014) Psychosomatics: Past, Present and Future. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 83, 65-69.

World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. World Health Organization, WHO Press.

Zeygarnik, B.V. (1981) Mediation and self-regulation in norm and pathology. Moscow University Journal. Psychology. [Vestnik moskovskogo universiteta. Psikhologiya]. 2, 9–14.

Zeygarnik, B.V., Kholmogorova, A.B., & Mazur, E.S. (1989). Self-regulation in norm and pathology. Psychological Journal [Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal]. 2, 122–131.

Zinchenko, Yu.P., & Pervichko, E.I. (2014) Heuristic value of postneoclassical models in psychosomatics (on the example of Vigotskiy-Luriya’s syndromic approach). Psychological Issues [Voprosy psikhologii]. 1, 14–27.

Zinchenko, Yu.P., Pervichko, E.I. (2016) Clinical psychological study of emotion regulation: cultural active approach. Psychological Issues [Voprosy psikhologii]. 3, 41–57.

For citing this article:

Pervichko, Elena I. (2016) Cultural active approach to the issue of emotion regulation: theoretical explanation and empirical verification of a conceptual model. National Psychological Journal. 2, 03-17.