Recieved: 07/27/2022
Accepted: 10/31/2022
Published: 03/16/2023
Keywords: close relationships; gender attitudes; hostile sexism; benevolent sexism; women’s emotional states; loneliness; relationship satisfaction
p.: 55-65
DOI: 10.11621/npj.2023.0105
Available online: 16.03.2023
Tatyana Р. Opekina, Natalia S. Shipova , Tatyana L. Kryukova. Attitudes to gender inequality in partners and emotional states of women in close relationships. // National Psychological Journal 2023. 1. p.55-65. doi: 10.11621/npj.2023.0105
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Objective. The study focuses on the relationship between gender inequality attitudes of men and women in close relationships and the emotional states of women as the main objects of traditional gender stereotypes.
Sample. The sample consisted of 45 couples (n = 90): 45 men 20–38 years old (M = 28; SD = 4.9) and 45 women 20–38 years old (M = 26; SD = 5.16) who are in close relationships from 1 year to 15 years.
Methods. An empirical study was carried out with the following methods and techniques: questionnaire “Scale of ambivalent sexism towards women” (adapted by E.R. Agadullina); questionnaire “Hostile and friendly attitudes towards men” (adapted by V.S. Krivoshchekov and others), short version; questionnaire “Scale for assessing relationships” (adapted by O.A. Sychev), the author’s questionnaire of emotional states, interviews on the qualitative characteristics of close relationships.
Results. The gender attitudes of women themselves and their male partners are related in different ways to the emotional states of women. The emergence in women of contempt, guilt, fear, disgust in relationships is associated with the presence of hostile attitudes in men. At the same time, women’s hostile sexism towards their gender is associated with their experience of loneliness in relationships, while benevolent sexism, on the contrary, turned out to be associated with positive emotions. Hostile paternalism attitudes in both women and their partners are associated with higher sexual satisfaction of women in dyads.
Conclusion. The emotional states of women in close relationships are related to the gender attitudes of both partners. The results obtained make it possible to clarify the ambivalent specifics of the relationship between the cognitive component of sexism in the couple and emotional states of women.
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Tatyana Р. Opekina, Natalia S. Shipova , Tatyana L. Kryukova. Attitudes to gender inequality in partners and emotional states of women in close relationships. // National Psychological Journal 2023. 1. p.55-65. doi: 10.11621/npj.2023.0105
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