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Cognitive forms of processing social information in adolescents with different levels of moral development

Cognitive forms of processing social information in adolescents with different levels of moral development

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Recieved: 11/18/2019

Accepted: 12/04/2019

Published: 12/31/2019

p.: 3-11

DOI: 10.11621/npj.2019.0401

Keywords: moral development; moral attitude; information exchange; cognitive forms of social information analysis; adolescent age; Internet

Available online: 31.12.2019

To cite this article:

Molchanov Sergei V. , Voiskounsky Alexandr E., Markina Oiga S., Borodina Anna S.. Cognitive forms of processing social information in adolescents with different levels of moral development. // National Psychological Journal 2019. 4. p.3-11. doi: 10.11621/npj.2019.0401

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Issue 4, 2019

Molchanov Sergei V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Voiskounsky Alexandr E. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Markina Oiga S. Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Borodina Anna S. Moscow Cadet’s Boarding School for Girls, Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation

Abstract

The Background of the study is determined by the importance of information exchange for adolescent moral development, in particular the role of cognitive processing of social information (CPI) for the development of moral consciousness.

The Objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the level of moral development of adolescents and the Internet CPI. The Hypothesis of the study: the features of moral sensitivity and the level of development of moral judgments in adolescents provide background to different stages of cognitive processing of social information on the Internet.

Methods and sampling. The study used the following methods: «Justice – Care» method (S.V. Molchanov) aimed at identifying the level of development of moral judgments was used; the author’s method of identifying the level of moral sensitivity, the method of cognitive processes of assessing social information on the Internet; Yanoff-Bulman scale of basic beliefs (modified By M. A. Padun and A.V. Kotelnikova). The study involved 208 adolescents aged 13-18 years (48% males and 52% females).

Results. On the basis of the cluster analysis, two groups of adolescents were identified – individuals with a high level of development of moral judgments and high moral sensitivity and individuals with a low level of development of moral judgments and heterogeneous moral sensitivity. Moral sensitivity determines how much the subject is aware of the moral content of problem situations. Adolescents with a high level of moral development are characterized by a strong belief in the justice of the world and the experience of the value and significance of their own Self. Differences in cognitive processing of social information are revealed. Adolescents with a high level of moral development are more focused on the choice of response behaviour, taking into account its possible consequences and assessing self-efficacy in the process of social interaction in the Internet space. Adolescents with a low level of moral development are more focused on the interpretive stage of social information analysis, where the task is to understand the moral content of the situation and highlight the moral conflict.

Table 1. Parameters of moral development

Stages and parameters of moral development

Cluster

1

2

3

4

1 stage – power and authority

2.5

2.3

2.0

2.2

2 stage – instrumental exchange

2.7

2.5

1.9

2.4

3 stage – social conformity

2.9

3.1

2.2

2.6

4 stage – social law and order

3.2

2.7

2.3

2.6

5 stage – social contract

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.3

6 stage – universal ethical values

3.7

3.8

3.0

3.2

1. Self-centered. focused on own interests

2.8

2.7

2.4

3.0

2. Focused on a good opinion of oneself

3.6

3.8

2.9

2.9

3. Reflective empathic orientation

3.9

3.7

3.3

3.1

4.Focused on internalized values

3.7

3.6

2.6

2.7

5. Conscious focus on internalized values

3.4

3.4

2.7

2.8

Interpersonal interaction

4.9

5.4

3.4

4.6

An idea of how to help

4.0

4.1

3.1

3.4

Moral conflict

4.3

4.9

3.0

4.1

Moral meaning

3.4

5.6

2.2

4.4

Table 2. Cognitive methods of information processing in adolescents with high and low levels of moral development (Mann-Whitney statistically significant differences).

Cognitive methods for evaluating social information

Group of adolescents with a high level of moral development (1 and 2 clusters)

Group of adolescents with a low level of moral development (3 and 4 clusters)

Interpretation of social information

21.27

22.21

Choosing an action based on effect analysis

23.97

22.51

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To cite this article:

Molchanov Sergei V. , Voiskounsky Alexandr E., Markina Oiga S., Borodina Anna S.. Cognitive forms of processing social information in adolescents with different levels of moral development. // National Psychological Journal 2019. 4. p.3-11. doi: 10.11621/npj.2019.0401

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