ISSN 2079-6617
eISSN 2309-9828
In search of an optimal parenting style

In search of an optimal parenting style

PDF (Rus)

Recieved: 09/08/2019

Accepted: 09/16/2019

Published: 10/20/2019

p.: 71-79

DOI: 10.11621/npj.2019.0308

Keywords: parent-child relationships; parental behaviour; type of education; autonomy; interdependence

Available online: 20.10.2019

To cite this article:

Karabanova, O.A. . In search of an optimal parenting style. // National Psychological Journal 2019. 3. p.71-79. doi: 10.11621/npj.2019.0308

Copied to Clipboard

Copy
Issue 3, 2019

Karabanova, O.A. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Abstract

Background. In modern psychology, the question is increasingly being raised if there is a fine type of upbringing or it is rather a myth that does not correspond to the reality of family education practices. Parenting and child relationships are rather acute issues of discussion today.

The Objective of the paper is to analyze the approaches to the nature of the finely tuned type of parental education that provides psychological conditions for child development and positive socialization.

Design. Child-parent relationship is a bilateral process where both partners are active. The provision on the indirect nature of the relationship between the style of parental education and the child development is extended on. The cultural goals of raising a child are discussed. It is proved that in adolescence, the task of development and the goal of upbringing is based on developing personal autonomy in coincidence with the interdependence with the parents.

Results. Studies of the parenting style influence on the child personality showed the complex non-linear nature of such an effect, mediated by the nature of the child’s experience of his relationship with the parent. The main parameters of the harmonious type of upbringing that ensure further child autonomy are highlighted: features of emotional relations, communication and interaction, requirements and prohibitions, and control.

Findings. The model of the fine-drawn style of upbringing and parent-child relationships is a multi-lateral system of emotional relations, communication, control and requirements, creating a zone of the nearest development maintaining stable emotional closeness and interdependence.

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research “The Role of Artistic Cinematography in Shaping Attitudes towards Parenting and the Image of Effective Parenthood among Modern Youth” (project No. 18-013-01213).

References:

Allen, J.P., Kuperminc, G., Philliber, S. & Herre, K. (1994). Programmatic prevention of adolescent problem behaviors: The role of autonomy, relatedness, and volunteer service in the Teen Outreach Program. American Journal of Community Psychology, 2, 617–638. doi: 10.1007/BF02506896

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory, Upper Saddle River, KJ: Prentice-Hall.

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of Authoritative Parental Control on Child. Behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. doi: 10.2307/1126611

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43–88.

Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescents competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56–95. doi: 10.1177/0272431691111004

Bell, R.Q. (1979) Parent, child, and reciprocal influences. American Psychologist, 34, 821–826. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.821

Belsky, J. & Vondra, J. (1989). Lessons from child abuse: the determinants of parenting. In D.Chichetti and V.Carlson (eds.) Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on the Causes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Beyers W., & Goossens L. (2003). Psychological Separation and Adjustment to University: Moderating Effects of Gender, Age, and Perceived Parenting Style. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18(4). doi: 10.1177/0743558403018004003

Blos, P. (1967). The second individuation process of adolescence, in R.S. Eissler et. al. (Eds.) (1967). Psychoanalytic study of the child, New York: International Universities Press. doi: 10.1080/00797308.1967.11822595

Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. L Attachment, New York: Basic.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Chen, Z., & Dornbush, S. (1998). Relating aspects of adolescent emotional autonomy to academic achievement and deviant behavior. Journal of Adolescent research, 13, 293–319. doi: 10.1177/0743554898133004

Climo, J. (1992). Distant Parents, Rutger: Rutgers University Press.

Collins, W.A. (2005). Parents’ Cognitions and Developmental Changes in Relationships during Adolescence. In I.E. Sigel et al. (Eds.) Parental belief systems: the psychological consequences for children. 2nd Edition, New Jersey: N.J. University Press.

Cooper, C.R., Grotevant, H.D., & Condon, S.M. (1983). Individuality and connectedness in the family as a context for adolescent identity formation and role-taking skill. New Directions for Child Development, 22, 43–59. doi: 10.1002/cd.23219832205

Cox, M.J., & Paley, B. (2003). Understanding Families as Systems. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), 193–196. doi:  10.1111/1467-8721.01259

Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. (1994). Children and Marital Conflict. New York: Guilford.

Fiske, A. P. Kitayama, S., Markus, H. K, & Nisbett, R. K (1998). The cultural matrix of social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology, 2, Boston: McGraw-Hill.

Garber J., & Little St.A. (2001). Emotional Autonomy and Adolescent Adjustment. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16(4), 124–129. doi: 10.1177/0743558401164004

Greenfield, P. M., Keller, H., Fuligni, A. J., & Maynard, A. (2003). Cultural pathways through universal development. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 461–490. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145221

Grotevant, H.D., & Cooper, C.R. (1986). Individuation in family relationships: A perspective on individual differences in the development of identity and role-taking skill in adolescence. Human Development, 29, 82–100. doi: 10.1159/000273025

Grusec, J.E. (2002). Parenting and the socialization of values, in M. Bomstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 143–148.

Grusec, J.E., & Goodnow, J.J. (1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child's internalization of values: A reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4–19. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.4

Harkness S. (1980). The cultural context of child development. New Directions for Child Development, 8, 7–13. doi: 10.1002/cd.23219800804

Harkness. S., & Super, C.M. (2002). Culture and parenting. In M.H. Bornstein (ed.) Handbook of parenting: Biology and ecology of parenting. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 253–280.

Havighurst, R. J. (1972). Developmental tasks and education. New York: MacKay.

Hoffman, J.A. (1984). Psychological separation of late adolescents from their parents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 170–178. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.31.2.170

Hoghughi M. (1997) Parenting at the margins: some consequences of inequality. In K.N. Dwivedi (ed.) Enhancing Parenting Skills. A Guide Book for Professionals Working with Parents. Chichester: Wiley.

Jones D. (2001). The assessment of parental capacity. In J.Horwatz (ed.) The child’s world: Assessing Children in Need. London: Jessica Kingsley.

Kagitcibasi C. (1996). The autonomous-relationalself: A new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1(3), 180–186. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.1.3.180

Laursen, B., & Bukowski, W. M. (1997). A developmental guide to the organization of close relationships. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, 747–770. doi: 10.1080/016502597384659

Lerner, R. M., & Busch-Rossnagel, L. A. (1981). Individuals as producers of their development: Conceptual and empirical bases. In R. M. Lerner & N. A. Busch-Rossnagel (Eds.), Individuals as producers of their development, 1–36. New York: Academic. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-444550-5.50008-0

Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parent in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006–1017. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.28.6.1006

Mahler M. On symbiosis and the vicissitudes of individuation (1968). New York: International Universities Press.

Mahler M. (1963). Thoughts about development and individuation. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 18, 307–324. doi: 10.1080/00797308.1963.11822933

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation// Psychological Review, 98, 224–253. doi: 10.1037//0033-295X.98.2.224

McElhaney K.B., Allen J.P., Stephenson J.C., & Hare A.L. (2009). Attachment and Autonomy During Adolescence. In R. M. Lerner, L.Steinberg (Eds.) Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. Vol. 1, New Jersey: NJ University Press. doi: 10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy001012

Poskrebysheva, N.N., & Karabanova O.A. (2014). Age-based psychological approach in the study of personality autonomy in adolescents. National Psychological Journal, 1, 74–85. doi: 10.11621/npj.2014.0108

Poskrebysheva, N.N., & Karabanova O.A. (2014). The study of the personal autonomy in adolescents in the context of a social development situation. National Psychological Journal, 4, 34–41. doi: 10.11621/npj.2014.0404

Reder, P., Duncan, S., & Lucey, C. (2003). What principles guide parenting assessments? In P.Reder, S. Duncan, C.Lucey (eds.) Studies in the Assessment of Parenting, UK: Routledge, 3–26. doi: 10.4324/9780203420805_chapter_1

Rusbult, C.E., & Arriaga, X.B. (l997). Interdependence theory. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbookof personal relationships. New York: Wiley, 221–229.

Ryan, R.M. & Lynch, J. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revising the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood // Child Development, 60, 340–356. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02720.x

Samuolis J., Hogue A., Dauber S., & Liddle H.A. (2005). Autonomy and Relatedness in Inner-City Families of Substance Abusing Adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15(2), 53–86. doi: 10.1300/J029v15n02_04

Segall, M.H., Dasen, P.R., Berry, J.W. & Poortinga, Y H. (1999). Human behavior in global perspective: An introduction to cross-cultural psychology (2nd ed.). Boston: AlIyn & Bacon.

Steinberg, L. (1990). Autonomy, conflict, and harmony in the family relationship. In S.S. Feldman & G.R.E. ElIiott (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UniverSity Press, 255–265.

Steinberg, L., & Silverberg, S. B. (1986). The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence. Child Development, 57(4), 841–851. doi: 10.2307/1130361

Trommsdorff, G., & Dasen, I.R. (2001). Cross-cultural study of education. In N.J. Smelser & P.B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 3003–3007. doi: 10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02332-9

Youniss, J.K, & Smollar, J. (1985). Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
To cite this article:

Karabanova, O.A. . In search of an optimal parenting style. // National Psychological Journal 2019. 3. p.71-79. doi: 10.11621/npj.2019.0308

Copied to Clipboard

Copy