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Association to dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) with developing fatigue as a result of long-term cognitive load

Association to dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) with developing fatigue as a result of long-term cognitive load

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Recieved: 08/16/2016

Accepted: 09/02/2016

Published: 11/30/2016

p.: 115-126

DOI: 10.11621/npj.2016.0314

Keywords: fatigue; cognitive load; EEG ; EEG data; the individual alpha rhythm; the fatigue index; spectral characteristics; dopamine

Available online: 30.11.2016

To cite this article:

Polikanova, Irina S. , Korshunov, Alexey V., Leonov, S.V. , Veraksa, A.N.. Association to dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) with developing fatigue as a result of long-term cognitive load. // National Psychological Journal 2016. 3. p.115-126. doi: 10.11621/npj.2016.0314

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Issue 3, 2016

Polikanova, Irina S. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Korshunov, Alexey V. Institute of Physical Culture, Sport and Health, Moscow State Teacher-Training University

Leonov, S.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Veraksa, A.N. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Federal Scientific Center of Psychological and Multidisciplinary Research

Abstract

This research studies the effect of long-term cognitive load on developimg fatigue on a range of subjective, behavioural (reaction time) and electrophysiological (individual alpha rhythm), fatigue index parameters in carriers of various polymorphisms of DRD2 genes. Mental fatigue was modeled as a result of continuous cognitive tasks aimed at using attention and working memory for 2.5 hours.

The sample included 51 subjects (male right-handers, the average age - 20 ± 4 years) whose genetic analysis was conducted and polymorphism options of DRD2 gene Taq1A (A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2) were identified.

The research results show that such load significantly affects almost the entire complex of indicators. Significant differences were found between the polymorphisms carriers A1A1 and A1A2 and A2A2 of DRD2 gene polymorphism in the reaction of choice, and also in fatigue index, which reflects the ratio of slow brain rhythms to fast. The results show the positive role of dopamine in developing fatigue.

Group of A2A2 («A1») polymorphism carriers was assumed to show lower fatigue, characterized in SVMR and PB significantly slower reaction time, and before and after long-term cognitive load, compared with carriers of polymorphisms A1A1 and A1A2 (« A1 + «).

Notably, the dynamics of error increase within all polymorphisms is the same, and genotype number of errors does not vary before or after fatigue. The dynamics of reaction time after the exhaustion of all SNPs is approximately the same. This means that polymorphisms are different not only in dynamics of fatigue but physical predisposition to sensory information processing.

Table 1. HAM Method (DRD2)

 

Health

Activity

Mood

Total

A1+

5,4/4,4**

5,1/4**

5,4/5,2

5,3/4,5**

A1-

5,5/4,7**

5/4,3**

5,4/5,2

5,3/4,8**

Before/After Fatigue, Scale: 1-7 points

Table 2. Common Hand-Eye Response

DRD2

Before Fatigue, ms (st.dev.)

After Fatigue, ms (st.dev)

A1+

221,9 (16,4)

227,6 (14,4)

A1-

232,3 (21,1)

243,6 (30)*

*Significant changes (p≤0,05)

Table 3. Choice Reaction

 

Response Time, ms

Errors

DRD2

Before Fatigue

After Fatigue

Before Fatigue

A1+

400,2 (43,9)

377,9 (44,9)**

6,1

A1-

430,1 (60,1)

413,6 (59,5)*

6,1

* Significant changes (p≤0,05);

** significant changes (p≤0,01)

Table 4. Maximum Tapping

DRD2

Before Fatigue, ms

Before Fatigue, ms

A1+

170(16)

175(12)

A1-

175(18)

172(19)

Table 5. Index alpha frequency (IAF) Before/After Fatigue in DRD2

Brain Parts

(IAF, Hz/ st.dev.)

«A1+» Group

«A1-» группа

Before Fatigue

After Fatigue

Before Fatigue

After Fatigue

Left Lobe

10,10 (0,88)

9,53 (1,02)*

9,63 (0,96)

9,69 (1,01)

Right Lobe

10,06 (0,87)

9,43 (1,06)*

9,77 (0,96)

9,72 (1,08)

Central Left Lobe

9,84 (0,70)

9,45 (1,10)

9,75 (0,98)

9,77 (1,10)

Central Right Lobe

9,77 (0,79)

9,30 (1,07)*

9,73 (1,03)

9,68 (1,03)

Parietal Left Lobe

9,89 (0,85)

9,68 (0,97)

9,96 (0,99)

10,04 (1,04)

Parietal Right Lobe

10,23 (0,43)

9,73 (0,74)

10,10 (1,02)

10,01 (0,99)

Temporal Left Lobe

9,96 (0,92)

9,69 (1,14)*

9,81 (0,95)

9,73 (0,96)

Temporal Right Lobe

10,18 (0,51)

9,60 (0,91)*

9,89 (0,93)

9,80 (0,96)

Occipital Left Lobe

10,14 (0,82)

9,57 (0,77)*

9,97 (1,05)

9,90 (0,97)

Occipital Right Lobe

10,35 (0,53)

9,69 (0,70)*

10,01 (0,98)

9,90 (0,90)

* significant changes (p≤0,05);

** significant changes (p≤0,01)

Table 6. Fatigue Index Before/ after Fatigue in DRD2

Brain Parts

(IAF, Hz/ st.dev.)

«A1+» Group

«A1–»Group

Before Fatigue

After Fatigue

Before Fatigue

After Fatigue

Left Lobe

3,72 (2,32)

4,18 (2,82)

4,65 (3,00)

5,18 (3,15)

Right Lobe

6,31 (2,84)

7,12 (3,32)*

7,27 (2,65)

7,77 (2,46)

Central Left Lobe

2,66 (1,40)

3,27 (1,72)

3,59 (2,81)

4,36 (2,45)

Central Right Lobe

2,78 (1,34)

4,16 (2,58)**

3,62 (2,95)

4,97 (2,57)**

Parietal Left Lobe

3,37 (2,91)

4,42 (3,41)

3,66 (3,09)

5,31 (3,04)**

Parietal Right Lobe

4,58 (4,17)

5,78 (5,02)

5,00 (3,90)

6,56 (3,89)**

Temporal Left Lobe

2,49 (1,38)

3,96 (2,74)*

3,26 (2,46)

4,10 (2,33)*

Temporal Right Lobe

2,97 (3,25)

3,92 (3,85)*

3,24 (2,15)

4,26 (2,70)*

Occipital Left Lobe

3,14 (2,40)

4,44 (3,88)*

3,97 (3,08)

4,62 (2,57)*

Occipital Right Lobe

3,11 (2,63)

4,38 (3,69)*

3,56 (2,58)

4,40 (2,27)*

* significant changes (p≤0,05);

** significant changes (p≤0,01)

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To cite this article:

Polikanova, Irina S. , Korshunov, Alexey V., Leonov, S.V. , Veraksa, A.N.. Association to dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) with developing fatigue as a result of long-term cognitive load. // National Psychological Journal 2016. 3. p.115-126. doi: 10.11621/npj.2016.0314

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