Recieved: 06/03/2024
Accepted: 10/05/2024
Published: 12/01/2024
Keywords: competence; professional competencies ; programmers; professional activity; hard-skills; soft-skills; systemgenesis; professionalization; activity
p.: 201-214
DOI: 10.11621/npj.2024.0414
Available online: 02.12.2024
Karpov, A.V., Karpov, A.A., Prisyazhnyuk, S.O.. Development of Professional Competencies in IT-specialists. // National Psychological Journal 2024. 4. p.201-214. doi: 10.11621/npj.2024.0414
Copied to Clipboard
CopyBackground. The disclosure of patterns of formation and development of basic competencies of specialists is an essential condition for optimising the process of professional training and improving the effectiveness of information-related activity in general.
Objective. The aim is to identify and explain the features and patterns of the genesis of two basic categories of specialists’ competencies: hard-skills and soft-skills in the process of professionalisation.
Methods. A set of techniques aimed at expert assessment of the degree of formation of the main professional competencies in specialists was applied. The research was based on the synthesis of the judgments concentration method, the method of focus groups and the method of “frequency-significant selection”, as well as on a specially developed methodology for exporting two categories of competencies: hard-skills and soft-skills. In addition, the method of correlation analysis was used, including in the variant of determining the coefficients of the correlation ratio (η).
Study Participants. The study involved three experienced groups of specialists from one of the most representative types of this activity — programmers. The first group included persons with up to 1.5 years of experience; the second — with 3 to 4 years of experience; the third — with 7 or more years of experience. Quantitatively, the first group included 72 respondents, the second group consisted of 64 participants, and the third group involved 43 people. 74% of the total number of the entire sample were male, 26% were female. The age range of the surveyed respondents was from 21 to 42 years.
Results. It is revealed that the formation and development of a common set of professional competencies, differentiating into two main categories: hard-skills and soft-skills, is based on the principles that are characteristic of system-genesis as a special type of genesis. They are the principles of unevenness and heterochrony. Consequently, the process of professionalisation of specialists is also a process of system-genesis. It is proved that in relation to information activity and its genesis, this process acquires fundamentally new characteristics. It unfolds not only in accordance with classical system-genetic patterns, but also appears as a more complex process of metasystem-genesis. This means that it includes the formation and development not only of those determinants that have internal localisation in relation to it as a system, but also of those that have extra-systemic localisation. They, being functionally included, “embedded” in it, constitute one of the levels of its subjective determinants: the level of meta-competencies, which is formed by the soft-skills category. Due to them, it is possible to minimise the deficits that are inherent in the case of an insufficient level of hard-skills formation, and thereby optimise the activity as a whole.
Conclusions. The study established a fundamentally new result, consisting in substantiating the belonging of the process of formation of professional competencies of specialists to the system-genetic type, and the entire process of professionalisation should be understood and explained as a process of system-genesis. In addition, in relation to information activity, it is presented in its specific form — as metasystem-genesis, since it also includes the formation of such competencies that are localised outside the activity itself and have the character of meta-competence formations — soft-skills.
An Introduction to Cyberpsychology. (2016). In: I. Connolly et al., (eds). Abingdon: Routledge Publ.
Anokhin, P.K. (1978). Philosophical aspects of the theory of functional systems. Selected works. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (In Russ.)
Attrill, A., Fullwood, C. (2016). Applied Cyberpsychology. Practical Applications of Cyberpsychological. Theory and Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan Publ.
Bakunovich, M.F., Stankevich, N.L. (2018). Self-control as a Basic Element of Professional Competence of Future IT Specialists. Integratsiya obrazovaniya = Integration of Education, 22(4), 681–695. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.093.022.201804.681-695
Castells, M. (2000). Information Age. Economy, society and culture. Moscow: Higher School of Economics Publ. (In Russ.)
Glass, J., Stanley, J. (1976). Statistical methods in pedagogy and psychology. Moscow: Progress Publ. (In Russ.)
Goldratt, E., Cox, J. (2009). Purpose. A Process of Ongoing Improvement. Moscow: Tsifrovaya kniga Publ. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A. (2024). The Specifics of the Composition and Organization of the Subject Determinants of Management Activity. Sovremennaya konkurentsiya = Journal of Modern Competition, 18(1), 92-109. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37791/2687-0657-2024-18-1-92-109
Karpov, A.A. (2018). New methods for diagnosing metacognitive personality traits. Moscow: Moscow Psychological and Social University Publ. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A.A. (2018). The structure of metacognitive regulation of management activities. Moscow: Russian Academy of Education Publ. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A.V. (1999). Psychology of management. Moscow: Gardariki Publ. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A.V. (2015). Psychology of activity: in 5 vol. Moscow: Russian Academy of Education Publ. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A.V. (2017). Metasystem organization of individual personality qualities. Moscow: Russian Academy of Education Publ. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A.V. (2021). Methodological foundations of the psychology of information activity. Moscow: Russian Academy of Education Publ. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A.V. (2022). Metasystem Organization of Subject Determinants of Professional Activity. Vestnik Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. P.G. Demidova. Seriya Gumanitarnye nauki = Bulletin of Yaroslavl State University named after. P.G. Demidov. Series Humanities Sciences, (2), 312–325. (In Russ.). http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1996-5648-2022-2-212-325
Karpov, A.V., Chemyakina, A.V. (2021). Psychological Specificity of Professional Activity of the Subject-Information Class. Vestnik Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. P.G. Demidova. Seriya Gumanitarnye nauki = Bulletin of Yaroslavl State University named after. P.G. Demidov. Series Humanities Sciences, (3), 422–433. (In Russ.)
Karpov, A.V., Karpov, A.A. (2022). The structure of metacognitive regulation of information activity. Moscow: Russian Academy of Education Publ. (In Russ.)
Khusenov, M. (2020). Psychology of IT Specialists. Tsentr nauchnykh publikatsii = Center for Scientific Publications, 1(1), 199–202. (In Russ.)
Kurilchik, A.V., Gerashchenko, K.S. (2021). Formation of psychological readiness for professional activities of IT specialists. In the Modern Scientific Research and Development. In: A.I. Vostretsovoi, (ed.). International Scientific Practical Conference (March 18, 2021). (pp. 224–234). Moscow: Mir nauki Publ. (In Russ.)
Kuznetsova, O.V., Skrylnikova, N.I. (2017). Comparative Analysis of Research Directions in the Field of Cyberpsychology in Russia and Abroad. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya = Modern Foreign Psychology, 6(4), 66–76. (In Russ.)
Leontyev, A.N. (1931). Development of memory: Experimental study of higher psychological functions. Moscow; Leningrad: Uchpedgiz Publ. (In Russ.)
Lezhneva, M.S. (2013). Technology of formation of readiness of future IT specialists for inter-professional interaction. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona = Engineering Bulletin of the Don, 24(1), 70. (In Russ.)
Martin, R. (2012). Ideal programmer. St. Petersburg: Peter Publ. (In Russ.)
Mehtikhanova, N.N. (2024). Personnel management: staff psychological assessment. Moscow: Yurayt Publ. (In Russ.)
Metcalfe, J., Shimamura, A.P., (eds.). (1994). Metacognition: Knowing about Knowing. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Plotkina, L.N. (2010). Social and Psychological Analysis of Professionally Significant Characteristics of Specialists in the Field of Information Technology (IT). Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = News of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 12(5–1), 137–144. (In Russ.)
Professionalism of a modern teacher. (2011). In: V.D. Shadrikova, (ed.). Moscow: Logos Publ. (In Russ.)
Raven, D. (2002). Competence in modern society. Moscow: Cogito-center Publ. (In Russ.)
Shadrikov, V.D. (1982). Problems of systemogenesis of professional activity. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (In Russ.)
Small, G., Vorgan, G. (2011). Brain Online. Moscow: Kolibri Publ. (In Russ.)
Wallace, J. (1993). Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Karpov, A.V., Karpov, A.A., Prisyazhnyuk, S.O.. Development of Professional Competencies in IT-specialists. // National Psychological Journal 2024. 4. p.201-214. doi: 10.11621/npj.2024.0414
Copied to Clipboard
Copy