Recieved: 10/26/2022
Accepted: 04/13/2023
Published: 06/17/2023
Keywords: personal value orientations; entrepreneurial orientations; terminal values; life spheres; comparative research; small business owners; entrepreneurs; employees
p.: 91–102
DOI: 10.11621/npj.2023.0207
Available online: 17.06.2023
Julia S. Murzina, Ivan G. Senin. Comparison of value orientations in entrepreneurs and employees in regions of Russia. // National Psychological Journal 2023. 2. p.91–102. doi: 10.11621/npj.2023.0207
Copied to Clipboard
CopyBackground. According to the strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation, the sector of small and medium-sized businesses is one of the factors for the country’s innovative development and improvement of the sectoral structure of the economy. Due to international sanctions and financial instability, strengthening and developing small businesses can become as important a “national treasure” as the raw materials are. According to many researchers, value orientations are the most important psychological factor in entrepreneurial and managerial activity.
Objective. The article aims to compare value orientations of entrepreneurs and employees.
Methods. The study was conducted with the technique of “Questionnaire of Terminal Values” by I.G. Senin. The sample consisted of 198 people (entrepreneurs 98 people, employees 100 people).
Results. Unlike employees, entrepreneurs are characterized by a higher level of Creativity, Active social contacts, Self-development, Achievements and Preservation of one’s own individuality (p ≤ 0.05). Significant differences on the Scale of the second order “Internal terminal values” shows that the main goal for entrepreneurs is self-realization, the desire to be in harmony with oneself and the unwillingness to adapt to the dominant social stereotypes (p = 0.01). No differences were found in the “External terminal values”: entrepreneurs and employees perceive the importance of the values of social recognition (Social prestige and High financial position) similarly. As for the scales of life spheres, there is a predominance of the significance of all life spheres for the sample of entrepreneurs as compared to the sample of employees (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed, revealing the differences in five scales of terminal values and five spheres of life between the samples of entrepreneurs and employees.
Conclusion. A greater concentration of meanings in different areas of life for entrepreneurs was identified. The life of entrepreneurs is more vivacious, various and plentiful. We have formulated recommendations for the development of entrepreneurial orientations for young people. The results of the study provide evidence for the need for universities, investment, and consulting organizations to improve the efficiency of their work with entrepreneurs.
Aibyatova, R.R. (2011). Small business is the basis of economic security in the period of financial instability. Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta (Bulletin of the Kazan State Agrarian University), 6, 2 (20), 11–13. (In Russ.).
Andreeva, G.M. (2017). Social psychology. M.: Aspect Press. (In Russ.).
Ardichvili, A., Gasparishvili, A. (2003). Russian and Georgian entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs: A study of value differences. Organization Studies, 24 (1), 29–46.
Entrepreneurial activity index: second stage (08/05/2022). Website Index of Entrepreneurial Activity: second stage. (Retrieved from https://news.tpprf.ru/ru/news/3396891 (review date: 11.04.2023). (In Russ.).
Lindsay, N.J., Kropp, F. (2015). Values and Entrepreneurial Orientation of Early Stage Entrepreneurs. In C.L. Campbell (Eds.), Marketing in Transition: Scarcity, Globalism, & Sustainability (pp. 101–105). Oslo: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978–3–319–18687–0_45
McGrath, R.G., MacMillan, I.C., Scheinberg, S. (1992). Elitists, risk-takers, and rugged individualists? An exploratory analysis of cultural differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 7 (2), 115–135. doi: 10.1016/0883– 9026(92)90008-F
Murzina, J.S. (2021). Value orientations of family business owners as a resource for adapting to restrictive measures in a pandemic. Psychology of personnel management and mentoring ecosystem in conditions of changing technological order. The second international scientific and practical conference (pp. 465–470). Nizhny Novgorod: Nacional’nyj issledovatel’skij Nizhegorodskij gosudarstvennyj universitet im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. (In Russ.).
Murzina, J.S., Poznyakov, V.P. (2020). Development and approbation of the author’s approach to the study of value orientations of family business owners. Yaroslavskii pedagogicheskii vestnik (Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin), 4, 128–139. (In Russ.).
On approval of the Strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses until 2030. Order dated June 2, 2016 No. 1083‑r. Website of the Government of Russia. (Retrieved from http://government.ru/docs/23354 (review date: 11.04.2023). (In Russ.).
Over 500,000 people have taken courses for entrepreneurs (06/20/2022). Portal Mybusiness.rf (Retrieved from https://More than 500 thousand people studied at courses for entrepreneurs (https://xn‑90aifddrld7a.xn — p1ai) (review date: 11.04.2023). (In Russ.).
Robinson, P.B., Keith Hunt, H. (1992). Entrepreneurship and birth order: Fact or folklore. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 4 (3), 287–298.
RSBI Support Index. The site of the All-Russian public organization of small and medium-sized businesses “Opora Russia”. (Retrieved from https://opora.ru/projects/indeks-opory-rsbi/ (review date: 11.04.2023). (In Russ.).
Senin, I.G. (2007). Questionnaire of terminal values‑2. Management. Yaroslavl: NPTs “Psikhodiagnostika”. (In Russ.).
Shorokhova, E.V. (1999). Psychological features of Russian entrepreneurship: a historical aspect. Socio-psychological studies of leadership and entrepreneurship (pp. 17–43). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”. (In Russ.).
Spicka, J. (2020). Socio-demographic drivers of the risk-taking propensity of micro farmers: Evidence from the Czech Republic. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12 (4), 569–590. doi: 10.1108/JEEE‑09–2019–0143
Terekhova, T.A., Trofimova, E.L., Geranyushkina, G.P. (2020). Study of the values of entrepreneurs from different socio-demographic groups. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Psikhologiya (Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Psychology), 33, 69–88. https://doi.org/10.26516/2304–1226.2020.33.69
Vivatenko, S.V., Sivolap, T.E. (2018). Charity and patronage as a specific phenomenon and economic phenomenon in the history of Russia. Peterburgskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal (Petersburg Economic Journal), 4, 161–167. (In Russ.).
Voronina, N.D., Popov, D.S. (2019). Demand for adult education and factors associated with participation in it: Russia against the backdrop of OECD countries. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya (Economic Sociology), 2, 122–153. (In Russ.).
Zhuravlev, A.L., Poznyakov, V.P. (2012). Social psychology of Russian entrepreneurship: The concept of psychological relations. M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”. (In Russ.).
Zhuravleva, N.A. (2013). Psychology of social changes: value approach. M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”. (In Russ.).
Zhuravleva, N.A. (2018). Psychological aspects of the study of the dynamics of the economic consciousness of entrepreneurs in Russian society. In T.A. Nestik, Yu.V. Kovaleva (Eds.), Social and economic psychology. Part 1: State and prospects of research (pp. 332–337). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”. (In Russ.).
Julia S. Murzina, Ivan G. Senin. Comparison of value orientations in entrepreneurs and employees in regions of Russia. // National Psychological Journal 2023. 2. p.91–102. doi: 10.11621/npj.2023.0207
Copied to Clipboard
Copy