ISSN 2079-6617
eISSN 2309-9828
Eye Movement Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition

Eye Movement Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition

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Recieved: 01/19/2025

Accepted: 11/24/2025

Published: 12/20/2025

Keywords: facial expression recognition; eye tracking method; eye movement strategies; frequency of strategy use; gender characteristics

Pages: 81-93

DOI: 10.11621/npj.2026.0107

Available online: 20.12.2025

To cite this article:

Menshikova, G.Ya., Klumova, S.B. (2026). Eye Movement Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition. National Psychological Journal, 21(1) , 81-93. https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2026.0107

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Issue 1, 2026

Menshikova, G.Ya. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Klumova, S.B. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Abstract

Background. Eye movement recording (or eye tracking) technologies are actively used to study cognitive processes. One of the pressing issues in this field concerns the study of eye movement strategies (the sequence of gaze movements in space and time) in the perception of faces and facial expressions. In many studies, eye movement analysis has traditionally been based for studying the spatial distribution of fixations across basic facial features (eyes-nose-mouth). It was assumed that fixation durations on a particular feature could indicate its significance in the recognition process. The impact of eye movement strategies on recognition performance has received considerably less attention. Addressing this issue will help to understand the dynamics of the recognition process, as well as the use of types and frequency of various strategies.

Objective
.The aim of this study was to examine the types and frequency of strategies in the first 600–800 ms of facial expression recognition.

Methods
. Participants were presented with photographs of six faces (three male, three female) displaying seven basic facial expressions. Their task was to recognise the facial expressions. Eye movements were recorded during the presentation.

Study Participants
. The study included 90 participants (50 women, 40 men) aged 18 to 30 years.

Results
. Different types of eye movement strategies were identified in the first 600–800 ms of perceptogenesis, as well as the degree of preference for certain types of strategies over others. It was shown that the range of strategies used for recognising expressions of joy and anger is broader than for recognising neutral facial expressions. Most of the strategies are not related to facial expressions and are more closely related to the individual nature of facial perception. An analysis of gender-specific patterns in strategies revealed that women more often begin their facial inspection from the eyes and use a wider range of strategies.

Conclusions
. The identified types of eye movement strategies used for facial expression recognition provide insight into the dynamics of visual information processing in the first 600–800 ms of perceptogenesis. 

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To cite this article:

Menshikova, G.Ya., Klumova, S.B. . Eye Movement Strategies in Facial Expression Recognition. // National Psychological Journal 2026. 1. Pages81-93. doi: 10.11621/npj.2026.0107

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