In the article specific experimental studies, performed with the use of virtual reality systems are described, Promising directions of modification of research paradigms in cognitive, organizational, social and clinical psychology are introduced. The possibility of using new technology to address educational psychology, psychotherapy and psychological rehabilitation is analyzed.

The importance of "habitual atmosphere" of the body-space cabin environment for the astronaut's normal mental work is considered. Various ways of recreating "habitual environment" on board the spaceship are suggested.

The peculiarities of the operator's work and in particular airplane pilots are analyzed. The flight personnel experimental results reveal the notion of immunity, which is defined as an individual psychological characteristic of a personality in relation to a human operator.

In this paper we give the main trends and prospects of development of neuroscience, dealing with the problems of cerebral dysfunction, thinking, memory, perception and information processing. The issues of research of plastic capacity of adult brain, the problems of individual consciousness, decoding of the mechanisms of thinking, new possibilities for cross-cultural researches are considered. .The exciting interdisciplinary researches in the field of stress, distress and various mental and psychosomatic disorders caused by them are emphasized The conclusion is made that psychology cannot develop without close interaction with neuroscience.