Background. Presence phenomenon is aт important component of human interaction using virtual reality. Virtual reality is used actively in such spheres as Education, Research, Psychotherapy, Surgery, Entertainment and Games. The hidden part of the presence experience phenomenon deserves great interest. The researcher has to answer the following questions when conducting a research: 1. what exactly does the person experiencing the presence feel? 2. how much does a person "forget" about what is happening around them in the real world? 3. is it possible to simultaneously feel one’s presence in both worlds – real, where a person is physically present, and virtual, where a person is immersed by specific hardware and software that generate virtual reality?

The Objective of the paper is to provide a description of the subjective presence experience, to show features of presence experience types.

Design. The paper includes the review of modern research on the presence phenonmenon. The course of the study is described: conditions for experiencing the phenomenon of presence (e.g. virtual flight over the city) were designed to coincide with theoretical factors that enhance or weaken the experience of the phenomenon of presence. Following the first stage, the subjects were interviewed using structured interviews in order to systematize their subjective experience. The paper provides a qualitative analysis of the test subjects' answers. The study involved 18 people, 5 males and 13 females aged 18 to 28 years.

Results. The influence of factors contributing to the emergence of presence is reflected in the subjective experience, types of experiencing different types of presence (e.g. environmental, social, personal) were highlighted. The contradictory notions about the position of one's body, the location of other people and other components of the phenomenon of presence are shown.

Conclusion. The phenomenon of presence is a complex experience within which the perception of time, space, body, physical laws is distorted.

Background. The paper is devoted to the development of a new approach to the study of a person's well/ill-being. Changes in economy, politics and geopolitics, social sphere in Russia and the entire world have resulted in emerging features of modern life that significantly affect the well-being of a person. In this regard, psychology interest in this issue is rising. In Western psychology, two theoretical constructs of "subjective well-being" and "psychological well-being" are clearly differentiated, and the toolkit to correspond each construct is created. However, in the national psychological science, there is a variety of terms with borrowed foreign psychodiagnostical tools.

The Objective of this research is to develop a concept of emotional well-being of a person based on the integration of existing foreign and national psychology approaches to the study of well-being within a new theoretical construct and structural model, and also transforming the models in the research tool and its empirical verification.

The paper considers emotional well-being of a person as an entire existential condition of harmony between the inner and outer world, initiated throughout the living process, activity and communication of a human.

Design. Conducting a pilot study based on the sample of 117 subjects and the analysis of reference literature allowed to build the theoretical construct of "emotional well-being of a person" that includes nine parameters: the three of them include the positive emotional component of well-being, other three ones include positive personal component of well-being, and three components indicate ill-being. These parameters lie in the basis of the research methods for self-evaluation of emotional well-being" (SEEWB) carried out using the sample of 2,229 subjects.

Conclusion. The cluster analysis identified and described groups of respondents in terms of self-evaluation of emotional well-being. The results obtained can be used both in research and in practical activities of a psychologist for diagnosing and optimizing the level of emotional and personal well-being.

Currently the Ministry of Finance is working on the issue of gradual increase of the retirement age, while various specialists are actively discussing the pros and cons of this potential change. The issue of determining the characteristics of the labour force participation of elder people and their participation in society is complex and multifaceted. A retired person’s capability for activity, willingness to get enrolled in society vary considerably depending on health, psychological well-being, self-attitude.

The paper examines one’s self-concept as a generalized set of ideas about their own physical, psychological, social features As a central component of identity and selfregulation of the retired citizens.

The results of the study presented in the paper reveal the retirement age as a period of human ontogenesis, during which their self-concept is undergoing a number of changes. Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research, the following periods of the individual development at the retirement age is proposed: early retirement, mid retirement, late retirement. Each of the periods is described taking into account age peculiarities of self-awareness and the self-concept. The paper shows the crisis nature of the self-concept development in people of the retirement age. It also highlights normative age-graded crises: the retirement crisis, the crisis of self-sufficiency, the crisis of integrity. The paper also highlights gender-specific features of the self-concept in retired citizens.

The study was conducted using a sample of 120 unemployed pensioners from the cities Yekaterinburg and Sverdlovsk Oblast (Sverdlovsk region), Russia. To study the features of the self-concept of the retired citizens the following methods were used: «Who am I?» (M. Kun) for studying the content of the self-concept, the self-relation test (V. V. Stolin, S. R. Pantileev) for analysinge self-attitude of the retired citizens, the technique of personal differential for studying self-attractiveness, strength and activity of the retired citizens.

The paper provides a review of publications in neurofeedback for treatment of addictive disorders. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness and restrictions of existing varieties of neurofeedback in treatment of addiction. In the second part of the article we have considered problems arising in the evaluation of the effectiveness of training with biofeedback and possible ways to resolve them.

Efficacy criteria adapted by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB) and the International Society for Neurofeedback and Research (ISNR) were used. Peniston Training Protocol (Alpha/Theta Training) is described. The influence of the placebo effect, the complex nature of the treatment and comorbid diagnosis to analyze the effectiveness of its use are explained. The effect of the Scott-Kaiser Protocol in psycho-stimulant abusers. The author describes the Alpha-Stimulation Training Protocol, a wide range of its applications with respect to other protocols, and provides a weak evidence base. The perspectives of neurometric approach application in the development of biofeedback protocols and approach to objective evaluation of the effectiveness of training by detecting the gamma rhythm reactivity in response to specific stimuli associated with addiction are considered.

We offered recommendations how to improve the quality of the research in the field of clinical applications of neurofeedback. The quality can be achieved in the observational group by independent groups of researchers, as well as improved procedures for description of the experiment, a careful selection of subjects and selection criteria for successful session and training as a whole.

This article examined the problem of employment and unemployment of specialists of work and organization psychology. I investigate the perspectives for career of these young specialists and describe the marketing strategy to promote work and organization psychological services and products.

The nature and meaning of tolerance as a philosophical concept are analysed. Various concepts and theories relating to tolerance, its boundaries, guidelines and its internal content that exist in society from the time of St. Augustine to the present day are highlighted.